The Significance of the D-dimer Blood Test in Covid -19 Dis-ease

Oct 21, 2021

In this podcast, we talk with Dr. Robert Young who explains the significance of the D-dimer blood test as it relates to Covid-19 disease. Click on this link or any of the pictures to listen and learn more about the D-dimer blood test and blood clotting.

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D-dimer formation. Shown are fibrinogen, with its one E domain and two D domains, acted upon in cascade, by the following enzymes: Thrombin, to create a mesh of fibrin protofibrils; Factor XIII to crosslink the fibrin mesh (linking protofibril D domains), the scaffold for clot formation; Plasmin, whose action in fibrinolysis produces fibrin degradation products (FDPs), the smallest of which are D-dimers, protein fragments with one E and two cross-linked D domains from an original fibrinogen.[1][2][3][4][5]

Dr. Young is a world-class scientific investigator and expert especially on microscopic and submicroscopic elements of the human blood.

The chart above are reference ranges for D-dimer in the blood:[6]

He has written and published hundreds of scientific papers. You can find out more about Dr. Young at www.drrobertyoung.com/blog.

Check out this scientific peer-reviewed article on "pathological blood coagulation"[8]

https://www.drrobertyoung.com/post/pathological-blood-coagulation-and-systemic-acidosis

References

[1] Asakura, Hidesaku; Ogawa, Haruhiko (2020). "COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and disseminated intravascular coagulation". International Journal of Hematology. 113 (1): 45–57. doi:10.1007/s12185-020-03029-y. ISSN 0925-5710. PMC 7648664. PMID 33161508.

[2] Khan, Faizan; Tritschler, Tobias; Kahn, Susan R; Rodger, Marc A (2021). "Venous thromboembolism". The Lancet. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32658-1. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 33984268.

[3] Ponti, G; Maccaferri, M; Ruini, C; Tomasi, A; Ozben, T (2020). "Biomarkers associated with COVID-19 disease progression". Critical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences. 57 (6): 389–399. doi:10.1080/10408363.2020.1770685. ISSN 1040-8363. PMC 7284147. PMID 32503382.

[4] Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P.; Meyer, Christian G. (25 April 2020). "Mild versus severe COVID-19: laboratory markers". International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 95: 304–307. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.061. PMID 32344011. Retrieved 25 April 2020.

[5] Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, Forgie M, Kearon C, Dreyer J, et al. (September 2003). "Evaluation of D-dimer in the diagnosis of suspected deep-vein thrombosis". The New England Journal of Medicine. 349 (13): 1227–35. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa023153. PMID 14507948.

[6] Kogan AE, Mukharyamova KS, Bereznikova AV, Filatov VL, Koshkina EV, Bloshchitsyna MN, Katrukha AG (July 2016). "Monoclonal antibodies with equal specificity to D-dimer and high-molecular-weight fibrin degradation products". Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis. 27 (5): 542–50. doi:10.1097/MBC.0000000000000453. PMC 4935535. PMID 26656897.

[7] Olson JD, Cunningham MT, Higgins RA, Eby CS, Brandt JT (August 2013). "D-dimer: simple test, tough problems". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine. 137 (8): 1030–8. doi:10.5858/arpa.2012-0296-CP. PMID 23899057.

[8] Young RO (2016) "Pathological Blood Coagulation and the Mycotoxic Oxidative Stress Test (MOST)." Int J Vaccines Vaccin 2(6): 00048. DOI: 10.15406/ijvv.2016.02.00048

Scanning Electron Micrograph showing the crosslinked fibrin mesh that forms the blood clot. It is from these crosslinked fibrin nets when degraded gives birth to D-dimer. Since the CoV - 19 so-called vaccine causes clots the D-dimer test is a true-positive that the vaccine contents of graphene iron oxide are the cause of the pathological blood coagulation! [8]